{"id":5558,"date":"2025-07-15T07:09:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T00:09:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=5558"},"modified":"2025-07-15T11:17:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T04:17:24","slug":"cac-dinh-dang-file-cua-mot-data-trong-sql-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=5558","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t database trong SQL server"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong SQL Server, m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7p v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, truy xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i database th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i file sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary Data File (.mdf)<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a database, ch\u1ee9a metadata c\u1ee7a database v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t file .mdf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Secondary Data Files (.ndf)<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c file b\u1ed5 sung. Database c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u file .ndf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 file n\u00e0o, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u file \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a.<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n performance I\/O, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd database th\u00f4ng qua File Groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transaction Log File (.ldf)<\/strong>: T\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch (transaction) di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i.\u00a0 M\u1ed7i database s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t file .ldf, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nhi\u00eau file:\n<ul>\n<li>SQL server s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eebng file \u0111\u1ec3 ghi transaction long cho database<\/li>\n<li>SQL server s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n qua file kh\u00e1c khi file hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/li>\n<li>Do vi\u1ec7c ghi tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u file kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng performace cho vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp database, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1eb7p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ra tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5564 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sql_data_file06.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"83\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sql_data_file06.png 579w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sql_data_file06-300x51.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t database th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hai file l\u00e0 Primary Data File (.mdf) v\u00e0 Transaction Log File (.ldf) th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng database. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00eam file Secondary Data Files (.ndf) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cho Primary Data File (.mdf) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a database, m\u1ee9c truy v\u1ea5n database v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c Secondary Data Files (.ndf) b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay l\u00fac kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o database ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i file v\u00e0 filegroup v\u1edbi databae \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5566 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sql_data_file13.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sql_data_file13.png 539w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/sql_data_file13-300x62.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 xem database c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau file, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch 1:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<p>Click chu\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean database, ch\u1ecdn <strong>Properties<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5568 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file04.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file04.png 374w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file04-230x300.png 230w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 Database Properties c\u1ee7a database, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c <strong>Files<\/strong> b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c database c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau file v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5570 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-01.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-01.png 807w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-01-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-01-768x297.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch 2:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh query:<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn l\u00ean server, ch\u1ecdn New query, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thay th\u1ebf <em><strong>database_name<\/strong> <\/em>th\u00e0nh t\u00ean database m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin, trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 <strong>Test<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">USE [database_name];\r\nGO\r\nEXEC sp_helpfile;<\/pre>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5576 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"429\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-03.png 637w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-03-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2u query ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5575 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-02.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"596\" height=\"172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-02.png 748w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sql_data_file05-02-300x87.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i file c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t database tr\u00ean SQL Server, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ed9t database c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau file, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng file n\u00e0o. Trong b\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c file tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef file.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong SQL Server, m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7p v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, truy xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i database th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i file sau: Primary Data File (.mdf): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a database, ch\u1ee9a metadata c\u1ee7a database v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t file .mdf. Secondary Data Files (.ndf): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c file b\u1ed5 sung. Database c\u00f3&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,7],"tags":[96,50],"class_list":["post-5558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database","category-kien-thuc","tag-database","tag-microsoft-sql-server"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t database trong SQL server - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SQL server databae file, Primary Data File (.mdf),Secondary Data Files (.ndf),Transaction Log File (.ldf)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=5558\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng file c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t database trong SQL server - 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