{"id":3962,"date":"2018-09-04T23:23:12","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T16:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=3962"},"modified":"2018-09-05T22:58:52","modified_gmt":"2018-09-05T15:58:52","slug":"tim-hieu-ve-cisco-vtp-vlan-trunking-protocol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=3962","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Cisco VTP &#8211; VLAN Trunking Protocol"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>VTP &#8211; VLAN Trunking Protocol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Cisco (tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1). Giao th\u1ee9c VTP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch layer 2. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c VLAN tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch. V\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, s\u1eeda, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean VLAN tr\u00ean switch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 server, c\u00e1c switch \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0i tr\u00f2 client s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c switch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t VTP domain.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t VTP domain, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t VTP managerment domain, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean khi ta ki\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t doamain. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t VTP domain.<\/p>\n<p>VTP server mode l\u00e0 mode m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 switch kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t managerment cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 (VTP Advertisements) qua \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trunk ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu switch nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trunk, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin VTP configuration revision number . N\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 VTP configuration revision number l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c VTP domain. M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh VTP configuration revision number tr\u00ean switch l\u00e0 0, khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 VLAN n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam 1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>VTP version:<\/strong> c\u00f3 3 version 1,2 v\u00e0 3<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>VTP Version 2 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a VTP Version 1.<\/li>\n<li>VTP Version 3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb VLAN 1 \u0111\u1ebfn VLAN 4094, trong khi VTP Version 1 v\u00e0 2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1001.<\/li>\n<li>Version 1, 2, 3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 1002 \u0111\u1ebfn 1005 (1002 fddi, 1003 token-ring,1004 fddinet, 1005 trnet).<\/li>\n<li>VTP Version 3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb\u00a0Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SXI\u00a0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c mode c\u1ee7a VTP<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>VTP Server<\/strong>: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, s\u1eeda, x\u00f3a c\u00e1c VLAN v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 VTP version v\u00e0 VTP pruning) cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 VTP doamin. VTP server s\u1ebd g\u1edfi qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t VTP domain v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trunk. VTP server mode l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VTP Client<\/strong>: c\u00e1c client th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Server, c\u00f3\u00a0 th\u1ec3 g\u1edfi qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin VLAN v\u1edbi c\u00e1c client kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng VTP client kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o, x\u00f3a, s\u1eefa v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin VLAN.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VTP Transparent:<\/strong>\u00a0 thi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb \u1edf mode n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o VTP domain. VTP transparent\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf VTP version 2, VTP transparent mode c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 VTP th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trunk.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VTP Off<\/strong>: Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 VTP Transparent, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p_H_Head2\"><strong>VTP Advertisements<\/strong>: VTP s\u1ebd g\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trunk, c\u00e1c switch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VTP v\u00e0 VLAN. Th\u00f4ng tin\u00a0VTP Advertisements g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>VTP advertisements cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin global domain:\n<ul>\n<li>VTP domain name<\/li>\n<li>VTP configuration revision number<\/li>\n<li>Update identity v\u00e0 update timestamp<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh MD5 Digest c\u1ee7a VLAN ,ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng tin k\u00edch c\u1ee1\u00a0 MTU (maximum transmission unit) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i\u00a0 VLAN.<\/li>\n<li>Frame format<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>VTP advertisements cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin VLAN\u00a0 cho m\u1ed7i VLAN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh:\n<ul>\n<li>VLAN IDs (ISL v\u00e0 IEEE 802.1Q)<\/li>\n<li>VLAN name<\/li>\n<li>VLAN type<\/li>\n<li>VLAN state<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed5 sung th\u1ed9ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN khai b\u00e1o cho\u00a0 VLAN type<\/li>\n<li>V\u1edbi\u00a0 VTP version 3, VTP advertisements ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a\u00a0 primary server ID, m\u1ed9t instance number, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t start index.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>VTP Password<\/strong>: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c switch tr\u00ean VTP domain \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p_H_Head2\"><strong>VTP Pruning<\/strong>: VTP l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c switch trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t domain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin VLAN. Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin VLAN, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin unicast v\u00e0 broadcast trong VLAN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c VLAN kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau: T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i port 1 c\u1ee7a switch A thu\u1ed9c Red VLAN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c switch.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3973 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vtp-pruning-01.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"380\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vtp-pruning-01.png 380w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vtp-pruning-01-300x204.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi b\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng VTP Pruning, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp trong Red VLAN.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3974 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vtp-pruning-02.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"372\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vtp-pruning-02.png 372w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vtp-pruning-02-300x206.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>VTP Pruning s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean switch ch\u1ea1y mode VTP Server.<\/p>\n<p>VTP l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin VLAN tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t domain. Giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c port c\u1ee7a Access c\u1ee7a VLAN, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c swich b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh g\u00e1n c\u00e1c port v\u00e0o t\u1eebng VLAN.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VTP &#8211; VLAN Trunking Protocol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Cisco (tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1). Giao th\u1ee9c VTP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch layer 2. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c VLAN tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch. V\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, s\u1eeda, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean VLAN tr\u00ean switch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 server, c\u00e1c switch \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0i tr\u00f2 client s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3974,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,7],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-3962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-khai-niem","category-kien-thuc","tag-vlan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Cisco VTP - VLAN Trunking Protocol - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"VTP - VLAN Trunking Protocol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Cisco. Giao th\u1ee9c VTP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch layer 2. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c VLAN tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch. V\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, s\u1eeda, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean VLAN tr\u00ean switch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 server, c\u00e1c switch \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0i tr\u00f2 client s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c switch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t VTP domain.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=3962\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Cisco VTP - VLAN Trunking Protocol - EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"VTP - VLAN Trunking Protocol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Cisco. Giao th\u1ee9c VTP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch layer 2. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c VLAN tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch. 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