{"id":3929,"date":"2018-09-01T22:15:16","date_gmt":"2018-09-01T15:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=3929"},"modified":"2018-09-26T22:36:15","modified_gmt":"2018-09-26T15:36:15","slug":"cau-hinh-vlan-co-ban-switch-layer-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=3929","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=3328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 VLAN<\/a>. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng switch v\u00e0 router tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp Packet Tracer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u0169, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i chung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c switch trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c switch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c switch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia VLAN. \u00a0Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n Broadcast l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1ch 1: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t pfSense,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kerio Control<\/a>), g\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u card m\u1ea1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c switch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u0169. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1ch 2: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c swicth cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chia VLAN. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean switch v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mong mu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean ta \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban l\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Ph\u00f2ng k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, Ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, Ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, Ph\u00f2ng IT v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng trong to\u00e0n nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y in qua m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch 1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 2 v\u00e0 3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u1eady c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia VLAN theo c\u00e1ch 2.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3935 zoooom aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/VLAN-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/VLAN-1.png 670w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/VLAN-1-300x74.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3936 zoooom aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/VLAN-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/VLAN-2.png 852w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/VLAN-2-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/VLAN-2-768x241.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3939 aligncenter zoooom\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mo-hinh-01.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mo-hinh-01.png 747w, https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mo-hinh-01-300x243.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Khai b\u00e1o c\u00e1c VLAN tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch:\u00a0<\/strong> Khai b\u00e1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c VLAN cho c\u00e1c switch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SWF1(config)#vlan 10<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config-vlan)#name Tech<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config-vlan)#exit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c port v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t VLAN: <\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c port d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SWF1(config)#interface range f0\/1-10<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ednh port Trunking tr\u00ean c\u00e1c switch: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c switch v\u00e0 router \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SWF1(config)#interface f0\/24<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ednh IP qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd switch tr\u00ean VLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SWF1(config)#interface vlan 60<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config-if)#exit<\/li>\n<li>SWF1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.60.250<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u1eadt c\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean rau ter d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u00f4i c\u00e1c VLAN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R1#configure terminal<\/li>\n<li>R1(config)#interface f0\/0<\/li>\n<li>R1(config-if)#no shutdown<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c subinterface \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c VLAN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R1(config)#interface f0\/0.10<\/li>\n<li>R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10<\/li>\n<li>R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.250 255.255.255.0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 port cho Access cho c\u00e1c VLAN, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1c switch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u0169) \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng Access Mode tr\u00ean switch 2960. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediafire.com\/folder\/5c1c84mo2fqsp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 code<\/a>, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Packet Tracer 7<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c VLAN, ngo\u00e0i router b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u00f9ng pfSense<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 VLAN tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Cisco. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t password \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, telnet, ssh hay m\u00e3 h\u00f3a password. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chia VLAN.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/W4sEavCzHiU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 VLAN. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng switch v\u00e0 router tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp Packet Tracer. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u0169, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i chung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c switch trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c switch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3332,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,14],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-3929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gia-lap-may-ao","category-thu-thuat","tag-vlan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=3929\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n - EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 VLAN. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh VLAN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng switch v\u00e0 router tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp Packet Tracer. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. 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