{"id":276,"date":"2015-09-16T21:15:00","date_gmt":"2015-09-16T14:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.engisv.info\/?p=276"},"modified":"2015-09-16T21:15:00","modified_gmt":"2015-09-16T14:15:00","slug":"bad-sector-phan-1-nguyen-nhan-phan-loai-va-cach-phong-tranh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=276","title":{"rendered":"Bad Sector &#8211; Ph\u1ea7n 1: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t sector l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng. Thay v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e0n lan th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c sector. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sector l\u00e0 512 byte. Bad sector l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/hbetfq-sn3302.files.1drv.com\/y2preloHke-uHcp4x8JJG9gWyPaP3vRkMwbz59QJB8H2EVH5a56Lh2WpvyEZN6cQ5kUFoZrL3XopSj8AMr7BDitzl6qLDjZhZ1dKIRDhFMZLU7Q6wcZHKjHYGsI7TTHpOKFcUh8_yZsYZ_EU1N2Bm28TQ\/hard-drive-head.jpg?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"185\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb bad sector nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1eaft m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, thay v\u00ec shutdown h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u00fat \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebfn \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ed7i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o trong \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a trong \u00f4 c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u00e1p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i bad sector, do ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (hard bad sector) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u00e2y ra (soft bad sector).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Hard bad sector<\/em><\/strong>: \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cao,&#8230; N\u1ebfu trong khi \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 cao, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea7u ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bad sector v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bad sector ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eefa ch\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Soft bad sector<\/em><\/strong>: X\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00e3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed5i error correction code (ECC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t sector kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t soft bad sector th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y ra, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 logic. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ghi \u0111\u00e8 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb zero l\u00ean \u0111\u0129a. N\u1ebfu trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra soft bad sector do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.\u00a0 C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p soft bad sector c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi virus, malware, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi soft bad sector th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh: Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh bad sector, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa bad sector, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh bad sector v\u1eadt l\u00fd:\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u00e1y t\u1ed1t, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u00edt b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e1p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1p t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1eaft m\u00e1y \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 theo quy tr\u00ecnh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9a d\u1eed li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng backup ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a backup \u0111\u1ec3 sao l\u01b0u c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, n\u1ebfu trong tr\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00f2ng\u00a0tr\u00e1nh bad sector b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec9a (disk defragmenter program) v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t sinh bad sector. Ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh cho \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec9a l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hao m\u00f2n \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng do vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec3n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f2 t\u00ecm qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bad sector.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m di\u1ec7t virus (anti-virus v\u00e0 anti-malware) v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t sector l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng. Thay v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e0n lan th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c sector. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sector l\u00e0 512 byte. Bad sector l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb bad sector nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1eaft m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ky-nang","category-thu-thuat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bad Sector - Ph\u1ea7n 1: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u1ed9t sector l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng. 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