{"id":1995,"date":"2017-05-07T10:01:15","date_gmt":"2017-05-07T03:01:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engisv.info\/?p=1995"},"modified":"2017-05-07T10:01:15","modified_gmt":"2017-05-07T03:01:15","slug":"pfsense-firewall-nat-outbound-va-routing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1995","title":{"rendered":"PFsense Firewall &#8211; Outbound NAT  v\u00e0 Routing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i<a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/a>, do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia IPv4 th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Public cho WAN (internet) v\u00e0 Private t\u00e1i d\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong LAN mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp internet ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y Outbound NAT (nh\u01b0 router\/modem internet), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin IP private qua \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Public c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y trong LAN, v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LAN \u0111i ra internet th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0Outbound NAT <\/a>s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t IP public duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1998 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"418\" height=\"440\" \/><\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00ec Pfsense s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Outbound NAT, nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2\u00a0Outbound NAT \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet r\u1ed3i th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eaft t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111i. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Router \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0Outbound NAT. \u0110\u00ea t\u1eaft d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o <strong>Firewall &gt; NAT &gt; Outbound<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1996 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"191\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn\u00a0Disable Outbound NAT rule generation (No Outbound NAT rules) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eaft\u00a0Outbound NAT.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1997 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"617\" height=\"232\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi t\u1eaft\u00a0Outbound NAT, tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb router\/modem b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng routing nh\u01b0 Static Route \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Pfsense k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ra internet. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng router 7200 tr\u00ean GNS3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1999 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"493\" height=\"35\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt static route v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n web \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2002 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"569\" height=\"309\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n Pfsense t\u1eeb\u00a0Outbound NAT sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 routing, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Firewall Rule<\/a>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng LAN ra internet.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 Pfsense ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Routing v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y \u1edf\u00a0Outbound NAT?. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y routing khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0Outbound NAT \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 Pfsense \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0\u00a0Outbound NAT khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i internet vi d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n\u00a0Leased line ho\u1eb7c PPPoE cho FTTH&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2008 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"319\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, Pfsense c\u00f2n h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Static Route (<strong>System &gt; Routing&gt; Static Routes<\/strong>) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Dynamic Route nh\u01b0 RIP, OSPF&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2003 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"548\" height=\"164\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o menu <strong>Services<\/strong> ( <strong>&gt;RIP<\/strong>) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2004 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"330\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pfsense c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng loop STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u1edf Layer 2, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i cao v\u00e0 gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2005 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pfsense_route-8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"348\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia IPv4 th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Public cho WAN (internet) v\u00e0 Private t\u00e1i d\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong LAN mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp internet ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y Outbound NAT (nh\u01b0 router\/modem internet), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin IP private qua \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Public c\u1ee7a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":260,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5],"tags":[44,54],"class_list":["post-1995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mang","category-firewall-proxy","tag-ip-address","tag-pfsense"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PFsense Firewall - Outbound NAT v\u00e0 Routing - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1995\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PFsense Firewall - Outbound NAT v\u00e0 Routing - EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia IPv4 th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Public cho WAN (internet) v\u00e0 Private t\u00e1i d\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN. 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