{"id":194,"date":"2014-07-18T19:01:12","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T12:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.engisv.info\/?p=194"},"modified":"2014-07-18T19:01:12","modified_gmt":"2014-07-18T12:01:12","slug":"bo-giao-thuc-tcpip-transmission-control-protocol-internet-protocol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=194","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP &#8211; Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay, TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\nTCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham chi\u1ebfu OSI v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng nh\u01b0 sau:<br \/>\n\u2212 T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng (Network Access Layer)<br \/>\n\u2212 T\u1ea7ng Internet (Internet Layer)<br \/>\n\u2212 T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn (Host-to-Host Transport Layer)<br \/>\n\u2212 T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/3ydk3a.bn1.livefilestore.com\/y2p86awTLoDem4Jk451peY9PPCnykT_a9pxsL_6-UPJctJvQUtWudyh73T3VaXIuxJV6Zwfd7vaOpPPYzmIYsJdYmI-ryItqcZYjrfcLT5G0HM\/tcp%201.jpg?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" \/><strong>T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng (Network Access Layer)<\/strong><br \/>\nT\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi\u00a0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng) l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, truy nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3.<br \/>\n<strong>T\u1ea7ng Internet (Internet Layer)<\/strong><br \/>\nT\u1ea7ng Internet (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng) x\u1eed l\u00fd qua tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3i tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m: IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), IGMP (Internet Group Messages Protocol).<br \/>\n<strong>T\u1ea7ng T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn (Host-to-Host Transport Layer)<\/strong><br \/>\nT\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa hai tr\u1ea1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean. T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai giao th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) v\u00e0 UDP (User Datagram Protocol)<br \/>\nTCP cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa hai tr\u1ea1m, n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, b\u00e1o nh\u1eadn g\u00f3i tin,\u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian time-out \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u00ean nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111i. Do t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady, t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa.<br \/>\nUDP cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n cho t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m n\u00e0y t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m kia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean.<br \/>\n<strong>T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer)<\/strong><br \/>\nT\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0: Telnet: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb xa, FTP (File Transfer Protocol): d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p, Email: d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u01b0 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, WWW (World Wide Web).<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/3ydk3a.bn1.livefilestore.com\/y2p4Fjnbc8lA2oxywQC81ytp5r4NaomdbEvBaNFgogCT0yhRDM-yxYdMlHdukvBjd-lT5z6uGKX2YQh4LLEiPJ6v3nHL8qQQvvlDYBVt5nrOcE\/tcp%203.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/>C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\u00a0 nh\u01b0 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, khi truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, qua m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n header. Khi nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean v\u00e0 qua m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n header t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u0111i v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng th\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n header n\u1eefa.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/3ydk3a.bn1.livefilestore.com\/y2pFEuVtXb1yimHG61KpuYTtOtb77fxcKYIcYVE4e3bVnpz37MY6luEZ_Cwy_bJivkpBcLwlQyI8H17uKCstYHdkrsuRpsDf2iAe-gUQCIV2n8\/tcp%204.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/>Trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd n\u00e0y ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau.<br \/>\n<strong>So s\u00e1nh TCP\/IP v\u00e0 OSI:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/3ydk3a.bn1.livefilestore.com\/y2p6nWlYXxKh_HBG_jJNqytBUY_eXK-lupILhc8smTsvs3v6YXPVn6Z-JFDFdKm2Z01m63Y29eMXQXejuV9Y28geeQkviZWthMNPvWy_bK8VM8\/tcp%202.jpg?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" \/>\u2212 T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer) trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP bao g\u1ed3m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 3 t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI.<br \/>\n\u2212\u00a0T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng (Network Access Layer) bao g\u1ed3m 2 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI.<br \/>\n\u2212 T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec3n tin nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong t\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, n\u00ean TCP\/IP cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n tin c\u1eady TCP ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady UDP.<br \/>\n<strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/3ydk3a.bn1.livefilestore.com\/y2pUQ3kETX-NL9VdwwQ9Yluop-tnCDXaGm-bUPa-fpXps2Fd1Ujika9a6WqN6tzsKAt5bCNvxaNT9SzK7_Vv6-EDhv2lqvjn3IZt86cbADpp5k\/tcp%205.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"282\" height=\"387\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay, TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham chi\u1ebfu OSI v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng nh\u01b0 sau: \u2212 T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng (Network Access Layer) \u2212 T\u1ea7ng Internet (Internet Layer) \u2212 T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn (Host-to-Host Transport Layer) \u2212 T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer) T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":195,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc","category-mang-co-ban"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>B\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP - Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=194\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP - Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol - EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay, TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. 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