{"id":177,"date":"2014-04-09T18:43:19","date_gmt":"2014-04-09T11:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.engisv.info\/?p=177"},"modified":"2020-12-20T07:27:41","modified_gmt":"2020-12-20T00:27:41","slug":"su-khac-nhau-giua-master-boot-record-mbr-va-guid-partition-table-gpt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=177","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Master Boot Record (MBR) v\u00e0 GUID Partition Table (GPT)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u1ed5\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u0129a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng . M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng? Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 MBR (Master Boot Record) v\u00e0 GPT (Guid Partition Table). Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Master Boot Record (MBR).<\/strong><\/p>\n

MBR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u0169 tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. MBR c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ngo\u00e0i ra, MBR c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng active ch\u1ee9a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a MBR, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh 4 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng primary. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 4 th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng extended b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chia ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u sub-patitions hay c\u00f2n (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c logical driver) b\u00ean trong n\u00f3. MBR d\u00f9ng 32 bit \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 2 TB dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi MBR. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a 4 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed7i \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf 2 TB. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 100TB. Th\u1ee9 hai, MBR l\u00e0 n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

GUID Partition Table (GPT)<\/strong><\/p>\n

GPT l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng. n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean Globally Unique Identifiers (GUID) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UEFI. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a UEFI ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. V\u1edbi GPT, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edb h\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong 128 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 MBR b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ed7i patition ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2TB, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a GPT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a 2^64 block in length (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng 64 bit), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 9.44ZB v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t block 512-byte. V\u1edbi windows th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 256TB<\/p>\n

Theo l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 1 primary GPT \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 1 secondary GPT \u1edf cu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho GPT h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n MBR. GPT l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 backup header v\u00e0 parttion table v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu primary table b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n checksum b\u1eb1ng CRC32 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a header v\u00e0 patition table.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t protective MBR \u1edf sector \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp lai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BIOS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb GPT s\u1eef d\u1ee5ng boot loader l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Protective MBR. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 GPT tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch \u0111\u0129a kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u GPT.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n

MAC OS X s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh GPT v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 hack) tr\u00ean MBR. MAC OS X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c MBR nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kernel Linux \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho GPT. Tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch kernel ri\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c distro (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Linux distribution) y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi d\u00f9ng GPT. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng bootloader GRUB 2.<\/p>\n

Windows, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi GPT b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng Windows 64 bit t\u1eeb Windows XP tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i s\u1eb5n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00e0i s\u1eb5n Windows 8 64 bit, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i chung v\u1edbi GPT. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Windows 7 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng MBR thay cho GPT.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chia ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi MBR b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u0129a c\u0169 tr\u00ean n\u00ean DOS trong Hiren’t boot. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi GPT, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n Windows c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Windows mini ho\u1eb7c g\u1eafn \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 chia \u0111\u0129a, ho\u1eb7cc b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Disk management tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111ang d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia l\u1ea1i \u0111\u0129a.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec khi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trong hai MBR ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 GPT. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi b\u1ea1n c\u00e0i Windows tr\u00ean m\u00e1y MAC ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2TB th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn GPT. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) thay cho BIOS (Basic Input\/Output System) th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 GPT.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u0129a. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng . M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng? Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 MBR (Master Boot Record) v\u00e0 GPT (Guid Partition Table). Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng. Master Boot Record (MBR). MBR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea3n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":174,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-khai-niem","category-kien-thuc"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Master Boot Record (MBR) v\u00e0 GUID Partition Table (GPT) - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng . M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng? Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 MBR (Master Boot Record) v\u00e0 GPT (Guid Partition Table). Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=177\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Master Boot Record (MBR) v\u00e0 GUID Partition Table (GPT) - EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng . M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng? Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 MBR (Master Boot Record) v\u00e0 GPT (Guid Partition Table). 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