{"id":162,"date":"2014-03-04T18:26:31","date_gmt":"2014-03-04T11:26:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.engisv.info\/?p=162"},"modified":"2014-03-04T18:26:31","modified_gmt":"2014-03-04T11:26:31","slug":"dich-vu-dns-phan-2-tim-hieu-co-che-phan-giai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=162","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS &#8211; Ph\u1ea7n 2: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i DNS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c host name (t\u00ean m\u00e1y) v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang web https:\/\/www.engisv.info b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web, c\u00e1i t\u00ean truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, n\u1ebfu t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u cache l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1eb9m th\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y DNS server li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 trong cache trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m, client s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi DNS server \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u1ebfu server n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, client s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t server n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1edfi v\u00ec DNS l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, DNS server c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng DNS server kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i IP m\u00e0 client y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>DNS client \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i DNS. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t client hay m\u1ed9t server \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 IP c\u1ee7a DNS server \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c client v\u00e0 c\u00e1c server \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 DNS client.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec7 quy (<em>recursive query<\/em>):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t DNS client truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t DNS server, n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec7 quy (<strong><em>recursive query<\/em><\/strong>). Trong khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c host, DNS server c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00a0c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. DNS server c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn DNS server kh\u00e1c khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/vzr2ng.bn1301.livefilestore.com\/y2pTWzBuM7isKDw1n-wzOuN7PKq7EMM1-F_XXjdzVBAvSqh1GPIAiB7f79RZLnqpXP1Udq4SL6WmhgFct_Hx1y3C2yAkwQWBAbRrcW0Pm1W6og\/1_DNS%20forwarding.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"328\" \/>Khi DNS server nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 cache c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xem c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u00e2u n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u domain. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Truy v\u1ea5n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (<em>iterative query<\/em>):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu DNS server kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t DNS server kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u00a0l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 <strong><em>client DNS server <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 thay client th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy v\u1ea5n, client DNS server s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a DNS \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec7 quy, client DNS server\u00a0s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy v\u1ea5n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (<strong><em>iterative query<\/em><\/strong>), v\u1edbi truy v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay n\u1ebfu client DNS server kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, khi user g\u00f5 <strong><em>www.contoso.com<\/em><\/strong> v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, client DNS server\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, client DNS server s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t root DNS server (.) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n <strong><em>com<\/em><\/strong>. Sau khi nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb root DNS server (.), Client DNS server sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n <strong><em>com<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a <strong><em>contoso.com<\/em><\/strong>. Sau khi c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb <strong>\u00a0contoso.com<\/strong>, Client DNS server ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a <strong><em>contoso.com<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a <strong><em>www.contoso.com<\/em><\/strong>. V\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a <strong><em>www.contoso.com,\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Client DNS server tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho client v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o cache c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/public.bn1303.livefilestore.com\/y2poVOZ68PoWL_FTKcxe0-d9Kjrm_ikd5nvevnRToFONgggaTnNRj5HIWKV3DijCdUSf7p7aY0_TzPFhs1Gn69qrE1o6rTzKcKls5XBIsllzpk\/DNS.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"303\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, client DNS server kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, client DNS server tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho client r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n domain kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c DNS client c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi hai \u00a0ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u DNS server (trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh IP c\u1ee7a client). DNS server th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 truy v\u1ea5n DNS ch\u1ec9 khi server \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu DNS server \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho truy v\u1ea5n th\u00ec DNS server th\u1ee9 hai tr\u1edf \u0111i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1302 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/dnssrv.png\" width=\"570\" height=\"199\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra Domain name c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng:<\/strong>\u00a0Tr\u00ean\u00a0command line (cmd) c\u1ee7a\u00a0Windows ho\u1eb7c terminal c\u1ee7a\u00a0Linux d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh <strong>nslookup<\/strong> sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadp t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 ra c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a domain name v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a domain \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1295 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/nslookup.png\" width=\"511\" height=\"259\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00f3a cache th\u00f4ng tin DNS, d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean Windows b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh <strong>ipconfig \/flushdns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1296 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/flushdns.png\" width=\"559\" height=\"283\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean Linux b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh\u00a0<strong>\/etc\/init.d\/nscd restart<\/strong> v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0nscd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c host name (t\u00ean m\u00e1y) v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang web https:\/\/www.engisv.info b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web, c\u00e1i t\u00ean truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, n\u1ebfu t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u cache l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1eb9m th\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y DNS server li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u n\u00e0y&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,4],"tags":[34],"class_list":["post-162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-dich-vu","category-mang","tag-dns"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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