{"id":156,"date":"2014-03-01T18:19:15","date_gmt":"2014-03-01T11:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.engisv.info\/?p=156"},"modified":"2023-07-16T16:13:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-16T09:13:05","slug":"dich-vu-dns-phan-1-dns-names","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=156","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS &#8211; Ph\u1ea7n 1: DNS names"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>DNS vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Domain Name System, l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ea1ng TCP\/IP v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Internet. M\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o URL (\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 trang web). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi client giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn DNS \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a web server, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p client c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, client c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. DNS server th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>TCP\/IP l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Internet l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng TCP\/IP, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (IPv4 ho\u1eb7c IPv6).<\/p>\n<p>IPv4 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 4 byte (32bit) chia th\u00e0nh 4 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n 8 bit c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9\u00a0<strong>203.162.1.191<\/strong>. IPv6 v\u1edbi 128 bit chia th\u00e0nh 8 nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 4 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng\u00a0<strong>2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334<\/strong>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng TCP \/IP c\u0169, nh\u1eefng file hosts \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c file hosts l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng file test \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi 1 hosts name v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng. Tr\u00ean Windows n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong <em><strong>C:\\Windows\\System32\\driver\\etc.<\/strong><\/em> Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng file host n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi c\u1ea7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng file host tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/public.bn1303.livefilestore.com\/y2pTKwhb3mSyevllMcS-ejfobgh3biOUH9Kc67ZD4ZId0MJB3obITCXL6LrZ6B9b1vNdEVMKAGexxvppJxcAZSQWvDyzMF9wQuALkWIvgKyRyg\/2_host_file.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"298\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eb7p nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DNS \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ec3 d\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean d\u1ec3 nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u server v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1eed li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t: cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ean m\u00e1y, l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ec t\u00e0u nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng d\u1ec3 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i DNS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c truy v\u1ea5n th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 trong DNS server s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng port 53 UDP v\u00e0 TCP. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DNS l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c host v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>DNS l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u DNS server, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>DNS l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n. Tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng root (.) sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh zone tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i server DNS. M\u1ed7i zone c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t domain ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u domain.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/public.bn1302.livefilestore.com\/y2pS35BEcMiCSU4R3mjYWjJoo98YIfn-l2_b_DpFtLuSIk1VZ3PitoviecVV0Oux9PhwaZBZ91GKPXtJ_a6w2cEw6OHyljLoARFYHi2_qTS0hg\/1_phan%20cap.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"457\" height=\"238\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i n\u00fat ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 resource record (RR) &#8211; b\u1ea3n ghi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean &#8211; ch\u00fang gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n. d\u1ea1ng RR ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e2t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host A v\u00e0 AAA (A l\u00e0 RR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean IPv4 v\u00e0 AAA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean IPv6), trong \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u00ean m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e3n. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a 63 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng qua 253 k\u00fd t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>Top-level domain l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <strong>hoanghiepktv.com<\/strong> ch\u1ee9a hai nh\u00e3n. Trong \u0111o<strong> com<\/strong> l\u00e0 top-level domain. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i qua tr\u00e1i. Nh\u00e3n ph\u00eda tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 subdomain c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. V\u1eady <strong>hoanghiepktv<\/strong> l\u00e0 subdomain c\u1ee7a <strong>com<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Top-level domain bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c top-level qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Top-level domain theo nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n: .com (Kinh doanh),.net (m\u1ea1ng),.edu(gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c),.gov (ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7),.org (cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c). Theo qu\u1ed1c gia \u00a0.uk (Anh), .jp (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n),.vn (Vi\u1ec7t Nam)&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u top-level domain kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u00a0biz, coop, info, int,\u00a0jobs, name v\u00e0 pro. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua c\u1ea3 top-level domain c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>Second-level domain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c second-level DNS doamain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u subdomain, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i subdomain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u host. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 <strong>pc1.hoanghiepktv.com<\/strong>, trong \u0111\u00f3 <strong>pc1<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, <strong>hoanghiepktv<\/strong> l\u00e0 subdomain (second-level), <strong>com<\/strong> l\u00e0 top-level domain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DNS vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Domain Name System, l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ea1ng TCP\/IP v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Internet. M\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o URL (\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 trang web). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi client giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn DNS \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a web server, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ea1ng&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,4],"tags":[34],"class_list":["post-156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-dich-vu","category-mang","tag-dns"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS - Ph\u1ea7n 1: DNS names - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DNS Domain Name System, l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 TCP\/IP v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Internet. Khi truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o URL (\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 website).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=156\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS - Ph\u1ea7n 1: DNS names - EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DNS Domain Name System, l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 TCP\/IP v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Internet. 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