{"id":1392,"date":"2017-03-18T20:26:32","date_gmt":"2017-03-18T13:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engisv.info\/?p=1392"},"modified":"2021-06-11T04:00:04","modified_gmt":"2021-06-10T21:00:04","slug":"dia-chi-ipv4-phan-3-chia-mang-con-chia-subnet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1392","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: Chia m\u1ea1ng con (chia subnet)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">subnet mask v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chia m\u1ea1ng con<\/a>, trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia subnet. Chia m\u1ea1ng con gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP trong m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n routing cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c supernet (c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng cha). \u0110\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea1ng con (subnet), ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bit \u1edf ph\u1ea7n host ID l\u00e0m network ID, c\u00e1c bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 subnet bit, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1251 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/subnet-2-300x87.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"87\" \/><\/p>\n<p>G\u1ecdi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n, m l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit host c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau khi m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng con c\u00f3 qua s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2<sup>n<\/sup><\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 network 0 (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 subnet\u00a00)<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<sup>n<\/sup>-2<\/strong>: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 subnet 0 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 subnet 0)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>S\u1ed1 host trong subnet<\/strong>: <strong>2<sup>m<\/sup>\u00a0&#8211; 2<\/strong> (nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4<\/a> th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 network v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 broadcast.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<strong> 2<sup>8-n<\/sup><\/strong>. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bit (nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n) m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0m network ID l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 0 l\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Network ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 host cu\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Broadcast c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t subnet mask?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y (2<sup>8-n<\/sup>) c\u1ee7a octet b\u1ecb m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 broadcast l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 broadcast b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li>Sunet mask l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bit ph\u1ea7n Network ID v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1eadt l\u00ean th\u00e0nh 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0 subnet mask khi m\u01b0\u1ee3n bit (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n ra nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/a>):<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1393 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ICND10S08_037-1024x798.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"312\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>(1) B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y m\u1ea1ng con v\u00e0 (2) B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a subnet mask.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00ec d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda, cho l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng 192.168.1.0, m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00eam 2 bit \u1edf ph\u1ea7n host \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ea1ng con, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng con, s\u1ed1 host trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ta th\u1ea5y 192.168.1.0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbp C, 2 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf octet cu\u1ed1i, theo c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng con\u00a0<strong>2<sup>n <\/sup><\/strong>v\u1edbi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0m net: 2<sup>2\u00a0<\/sup>= 4 m\u1ea1ng con<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 host tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 <strong>2<sup>m<\/sup>\u00a0&#8211; 2\u00a0<\/strong>v\u1edbi m l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit host c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: 2<sup>6<\/sup>-2=62 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u01a1c nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng <strong>2<sup>8-n<\/sup><\/strong> v\u1edbi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0m net: 2<sup>8-2<\/sup>=64<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1400 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/chia-subnet1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"694\" height=\"107\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y (l\u00e0 64) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Network ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 broadcast l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 broadcast b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li>Subnet mask l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bit ph\u1ea7n Network ID v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 b\u00edt m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1eadt l\u00ean th\u00e0nh 1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 172.16.0.0 thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp B, ta m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00eam 2 bit \u1edf ph\u1ea7n host \u0111\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea1ng con v\u1eady c\u00f2n 14 bit cho host.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng con\u00a0<strong>2<sup>n <\/sup><\/strong>v\u1edbi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0m net: 2<sup>2\u00a0<\/sup>= 4 m\u1ea1ng con<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 host tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 <strong>2<sup>m<\/sup>\u00a0&#8211; 2\u00a0<\/strong>v\u1edbi m l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit host c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: 2<sup>14<\/sup>-2=16382 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u01a1c nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng <strong>2<sup>8-n<\/sup><\/strong> v\u1edbi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0m net: 2<sup>8-2<\/sup>=64<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1402 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/chia-subnet2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"697\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a octet b\u1ecb m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9\u00a0172.16.0.0 l\u1edbp B, m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00eam 10 bit \u1edf host ID n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y 8 bit \u1edf octet th\u1ee9 3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 octet th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp C, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh \u1edf 2 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n trong octet th\u1ee9 4, vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u00a0192.168.1.0.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed \u0111i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y ra nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1411 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/chia-subnet3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"657\" height=\"125\" \/><\/p>\n<p>S\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng con 2<sup>n\u00a0<\/sup>v\u1edbi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n:\u00a02<sup>10<\/sup>=1024 m\u1ea1ng con. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Octet 3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n 8 bit: 2<sup>8\u00a0<\/sup>= 256<\/li>\n<li>Octet 4 m\u01b0\u1ee3n 2 bit: 2<sup>2\u00a0<\/sup>= 4<br \/>\n&lt;=&gt; 256 x 4 = 1024<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ed1 host tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng \u00a02<sup>m<\/sup>-2 v\u1edbi m l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bit host c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: 2<sup>6<\/sup>&#8211; 2 = 62 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 host.<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3ng quy \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ta th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a octet 3 l\u00e0 2<sup>8-m\u00a0<\/sup>= 2<sup>8-8<\/sup>=1<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y \u1edf octet 4 l\u00e0 2<sup>8-m<\/sup>= 2<sup>8-2\u00a0<\/sup>=64<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee9 \u00a0octet 3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u00a0th\u00ec \u1edf octet 4 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1edbi 64 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 0. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee9 octet 3 nh\u1ea3y 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam 4 m\u1ea1ng con \u1edf octet 4.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 192.168.1.0 \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a 172.16.0.0\/26, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a octet b\u1ecb m\u01b0\u1ee3n d\u01b0\u1edbi 8 bit \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0 host \u0111\u1ea7u host cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng\u00a0m\u1ea1ng \u00a0172.16.1.0\/26 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbp C do 3 octet \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 network ID, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh c\u00e1c network v\u00e0 host trong ph\u1ea7n octet cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u1eady b\u1ea1n m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ed1i \u0111a bao nhi\u00eau bit?<\/strong> Trong khi m\u01b0\u1ee3n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eeba \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 bit cho ph\u1ea7n host b\u1eddi v\u00ec\u00a0<strong>2<sup>m<\/sup>\u00a0&#8211; 2<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>&lt;=&gt; 2<sup>2<\/sup>-2 =2,\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi 2 bit, sau khi ch\u00fang ta tr\u1eeb \u0111i 2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Network v\u00e0 broadcast ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00eau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 b\u00edt th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 2<sup>1<\/sup>-2=0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 1 bit host.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chia IP sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jodies.de\/ipcalc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/jodies.de\/ipcalc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ipcalc.nmonitoring.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ipcalc.nmonitoring.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.subnet-calculator.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.subnet-calculator.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t prefix, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 192.168.1.100\/26 v\u00e0 y\u00eau b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c network n\u00e0o? v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IP ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 and bit IP v\u00e0 sunet mask nh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i t\u00ecm \u00a0hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 subnet mask \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 subnet mask v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chia m\u1ea1ng con, trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia subnet. Chia m\u1ea1ng con gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP trong m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n routing cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c supernet (c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng cha). \u0110\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea1ng con (subnet), ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bit \u1edf ph\u1ea7n host ID l\u00e0m network ID, c\u00e1c&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[44,60],"class_list":["post-1392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc","category-mang-co-ban","tag-ip-address","tag-subnet-mask"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: Chia m\u1ea1ng con (chia subnet) - EngISV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 subnet mask v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chia m\u1ea1ng con, trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia subnet. Chia m\u1ea1ng con gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP trong m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n routing cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c supernet (c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng cha). \u0110\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea1ng con (subnet), ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bit \u1edf ph\u1ea7n host ID l\u00e0m network ID, c\u00e1c bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 subnet bit,.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1392\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: Chia m\u1ea1ng con (chia subnet) - EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 subnet mask v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chia m\u1ea1ng con, trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia subnet. Chia m\u1ea1ng con gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP trong m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n routing cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c supernet (c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng cha). \u0110\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea1ng con (subnet), ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bit \u1edf ph\u1ea7n host ID l\u00e0m network ID, c\u00e1c bit m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 subnet bit,.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/?p=1392\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EngISV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/engisv\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-18T13:26:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-06-10T21:00:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engisv.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ICND10S08_037-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1041\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"811\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hoanghiepktv\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hoanghiepktv\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"hoanghiepktv\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/dcbab2ddc35f4c71f45c7e13f36367bf\"},\"headline\":\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: Chia m\u1ea1ng con (chia subnet)\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-18T13:26:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-10T21:00:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392\"},\"wordCount\":1586,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/03\\\/ICND10S08_037-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"IP address\",\"Subnet mask\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\",\"M\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392\",\"name\":\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: Chia m\u1ea1ng con (chia subnet) - EngISV\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/?p=1392#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engisv.info\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/03\\\/ICND10S08_037-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-18T13:26:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-10T21:00:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 subnet mask v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chia m\u1ea1ng con, trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia subnet. 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